Single Human Chromosome Photo

A single human chromosome photo. Have you ever seen a chromosome? Lots of people know, humans have 46 chromosomes but someones know chromosome photo. There is a photo of it. If you wonder the shape of chromosome you can look at this. What is the shape of a chromosome? Maybe this photo is useful for your research, investigation.

Chromosomes are very important objects of human bodies. Chromosomes are not specific for species. Two species can have same number of chromosomes but the important thing is: How many genes in a chromosome?

They are like bookcase. You can put 20 books on it or if you want you can put 30 books. In others words, number of chromosomes are not important. The important thing is number of genes… Genes include DNA.

Plasmid DNA on a Mineral Sheet Photo

Plasmid DNA on a mineral sheet, Computational simulation, Circular plasmid DNA on a mineral sheet, studied using molecular dynamics simulations to see whether the sheets can protect the DNA against extreme conditions such as those found in deep ocean hydrothermal vents. If they do it would lend support to the idea that a group of minerals called Layered Double Hydroxides could be an ideal protective and catalytic scaffold for the creation of biological molecules and hence the origin of life.

A plasmid is an extra-chromosomal DNA molecule separate from the chromosomal DNA which is capable of replicating independently of the chromosomal DNA. In many cases, it is circular and double-stranded. Plasmids usually occur naturally in bacteria, but are sometimes found in eukaryotic organisms (e.g., the 2-micrometre-ring in Saccharomyces cerevisiae).

Plasmid size varies from 1 to over 200 kilobase pairs (kbp). The number of identical plasmids within a single cell can be zero, one, or even thousands under some circumstances. Plasmids can be considered to be part of the mobilome, since they are often associated with conjugation, a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer.

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Human Immunodeficienncy Virus (HIV) Photo

Human immunodeficienncy virus (HIV), Cryo-electron tomography, Internal structure of an HIV particle showing the capsid surrounding the RNA-containing core in red and the membrane in blue. The yellow area is electron dense material, including proteases, between the core and the membrane.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition in humans in which the immune system begins to fail, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections. Previous names for the virus include human T-lymphotropic virus-III (HTLV-III), lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV), and AIDS-associated retrovirus (ARV).

Infection with HIV occurs by the transfer of blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre-ejaculate, or breast milk. Within these bodily fluids, HIV is present as both free virus particles and virus within infected immune cells. The four major routes of transmission are unprotected sexual intercourse, contaminated needles, breast milk, and transmission from an infected mother to her baby at birth. Screening of blood products for HIV has largely eliminated transmission through blood transfusions or infected blood products in the developed world.

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