The parts of H1N1 (swine flu) photo.

PB2 is an avian polymerase. PB1 is avian and human polymerase. PA is an avian polymerase. HA is human or swine origin. NP is swine origin. NA is a human or swine origin. M and NS are swine origin.

There are “helps initiate infection” and “binds to receptors on host cells” parts.

Most countries have all reported first H1N1 deaths in their countries. You can protect yourself against H1N1 swine flu virus.

Just for laugh. This swine flu virus image is from Winnie the pooh cartoon. Piglet is sad about it.

SWINE FLU SYMPTOMS – SYMPTOMS OF SWINE FLU

Symptoms of swine flu are very similar to those of seasonal influenza. If you feel ill, stay home from work and school. Because an infected person can shed the virus 24 hours before symptoms start, and up to seven days later. If you exhibit symptoms and believe you may have swine flu, call your physician before making a trip to see him or her, then follow advice on how to proceed.

A single human chromosome photo. Have you ever seen a chromosome? Lots of people know, humans have 46 chromosomes but someones know chromosome photo. There is a photo of it. If you wonder the shape of chromosome you can look at this. What is the shape of a chromosome? Maybe this photo is useful for your research, investigation.

Chromosomes are very important objects of human bodies. Chromosomes are not specific for species. Two species can have same number of chromosomes but the important thing is: How many genes in a chromosome?

They are like bookcase. You can put 20 books on it or if you want you can put 30 books. In others words, number of chromosomes are not important. The important thing is number of genes… Genes include DNA.

Plasmid DNA on a mineral sheet, Computational simulation, Circular plasmid DNA on a mineral sheet, studied using molecular dynamics simulations to see whether the sheets can protect the DNA against extreme conditions such as those found in deep ocean hydrothermal vents. If they do it would lend support to the idea that a group of minerals called Layered Double Hydroxides could be an ideal protective and catalytic scaffold for the creation of biological molecules and hence the origin of life.

A plasmid is an extra-chromosomal DNA molecule separate from the chromosomal DNA which is capable of replicating independently of the chromosomal DNA. In many cases, it is circular and double-stranded. Plasmids usually occur naturally in bacteria, but are sometimes found in eukaryotic organisms (e.g., the 2-micrometre-ring in Saccharomyces cerevisiae).

Plasmid size varies from 1 to over 200 kilobase pairs (kbp). The number of identical plasmids within a single cell can be zero, one, or even thousands under some circumstances. Plasmids can be considered to be part of the mobilome, since they are often associated with conjugation, a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer.

Read More : Plasmid DNA

Human immunodeficienncy virus (HIV), Cryo-electron tomography, Internal structure of an HIV particle showing the capsid surrounding the RNA-containing core in red and the membrane in blue. The yellow area is electron dense material, including proteases, between the core and the membrane.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition in humans in which the immune system begins to fail, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections. Previous names for the virus include human T-lymphotropic virus-III (HTLV-III), lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV), and AIDS-associated retrovirus (ARV).

Infection with HIV occurs by the transfer of blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre-ejaculate, or breast milk. Within these bodily fluids, HIV is present as both free virus particles and virus within infected immune cells. The four major routes of transmission are unprotected sexual intercourse, contaminated needles, breast milk, and transmission from an infected mother to her baby at birth. Screening of blood products for HIV has largely eliminated transmission through blood transfusions or infected blood products in the developed world.

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Molecular model, Molecular model of a ribosome, Molecular model of a bacterial ribosome showing the RNA and protein components in the form of ribbon models. In the large (50S) subunit the 23S RNA is shown in cyan, the 5S RNA in green and the associated proteins in purple. In the small (30S) subunit the 16S RNA is shown in yellow and the proteins in orange.

The three solid elements in the centre of the ribosome, coloured green, red and reddish brown are the transfer RNAs (tRNAs) in the A, P and E sites respectively. The anticodon loops of the tRNAs are buried in a cleft in the small subunit where they interact with mRNA.

The other ends of the tRNA, which carry the peptide and amino acid, are buried in the peptidyl transferase centre of the large subunit, where peptide bond formation occurs.

Ribosomes (from ribonucleic acid and “Greek: soma meaning body) are complexes of RNA and protein that are found in all cells. Prokaryotic ribosomes from archaea and bacteria are smaller than most of the ribosomes from eukaryotes such as plants and animals.

However, the ribosomes in the mitochondrion of eukaryotic cells resemble those in bacteria, reflecting the evolutionary origin of this organelle.

The function of ribosomes is the assembly of proteins, in a process called translation. Ribosomes do this by catalysing the assembly of individual amino acids into polypeptide chains; this involves binding a messenger RNA and then using this as a template to join together the correct sequence of amino acids.

This reaction uses adapters called transfer RNA molecules, which read the sequence of the messenger RNA and are attached to the amino acids.

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Colon cancer cells, Cultured colon cancer cells showing the nuclei stained with DAPI in blue, the actin cytoskeleton in red and plectin (isoform 1k) in green. Confocal micrograph. Plectin interacts with cytoskeletal actin, affecting its behaviour. This subtype of plectin promotes the migration of cells and may affect metastasis.

Colorectal cancer, also called colon cancer or large bowel cancer, includes cancerous growths in the colon, rectum and appendix. It is the third most common form of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the Western world. Colorectal cancer causes 655,000 deaths worldwide per year, including about 16,000 in the UK, where it is the second most common site (after lung) to cause cancer death.

Many colorectal cancers are thought to arise from adenomatous polyps in the colon. These mushroom-like growths are usually benign, but some may develop into cancer over time. The majority of the time, the diagnosis of localized colon cancer is through colonoscopy. Therapy is usually through surgery, which in many cases is followed by chemotherapy.

Read more : Colorectal Cancer

Breast cancer cells, Scanning electron micrograph, Colour-enhanced image of a breast cancer cell.

Scanning electron micrograph. A cluster of breast cancer cells showing visual evidence of programmed cell death (apoptosis) in yellow. There are breast cancer cells photos.

Breast cancer is a cancer that starts in the cells of the breast. Worldwide, breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer after lung cancer (10.4% of all cancer incidence, both sexes counted) and the fifth most common cause of cancer death. Worldwide, breast cancer is by far the most common cancer amongst women, with an incidence rate more than twice that of colorectal cancer and cervical cancer and about three times that of lung cancer.

However breast cancer mortality worldwide is just 25% greater than that of lung cancer in women. In 2005, breast cancer caused 502,000 deaths worldwide (7% of cancer deaths; almost 1% of all deaths). The number of cases worldwide has significantly increased since the 1970s, a phenomenon partly blamed on modern lifestyles in the Western world.

Read More : Breast Cancer

Scanning electron micrograph. Red blood cells clearly showing their biconcave disc shape.

Red blood cells are the most common type of blood cell and the vertebrate body’s principal means of delivering oxygen from the lungs or gills to body tissues via the blood.

Red blood cells are also known as RBCs, haematids or erythrocytes (from Greek erythros for “red” and kytos for “hollow”, with cyte nowadays translated as “cell”).

A schistocyte is a red blood cell undergoing cell fragmentation, or a fragmented part of a red blood cell.

Read more : Red Blood Cells

Prostate cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the prostate. You can see malignent prostate tissue cancer photo.